Nanoparticles being a modern technology are being explicitly exploited for their application in medical sciences such as gene targeted drug delivery, vaccine delivery, adjuvants, and medicines. Metal nanoparticles studied by far have associated adverse effect except the calcium nanoparticle. Nanoforms of calcium are much acceptable and induce minimum inflammatory response. Albeit, the literature regarding calcium nanoparticle is not well cited and lacks immunological and cytotoxic studies on calcium nanoparticles. Henceforth, the effect of calcium nanoparticle on immunity was taken into focus in the present study. Wistar rats were administered nanocalcium at dose rate of 1000 mg/kg b.wt. for a period of 90 days per-os. Immunopathological alterations were assessed based on T-cells and B-cells proliferation assays, ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay), Haemagglutinition inhibition, macrophage function test (MFT) and gamma-globulin levels. Calcium nanoparticles at low doses improve the immune responses as they elicit the immune response levels at initial phase of the study. However, prolonged nanoparticle administration induces immune-alteration effect. Thus, for prolong use of nanoparticle in oncology, gene therapy, implantation and others should be assessed.

Highlights

• Calcium nanoparticles have abilities to induce immunopathological alteration.
• Calcium nanoparticles given at rate of 1000 mg/kg body weight to wistar rats over period of 90 days.
• The result showed decreased T and B cells during blastogenesis assay and increased gamma globulin levels.